Talking to kids about death

I grew up in a house of death.

Which is not to say it was a sad or morbid place. On the contrary, my childhood was full of joy and happiness. I only mean that talking about death and grief was normal in my house. This was partly because my dad is a doctor, from a family of doctors. And it was partly because my mom had lost her father very young and she kept him alive for us with stories and memories. Later, our family suffered more tragic loss—a blog post for another time—and so talking about death and grief and loss doesn’t really stress me out. On the contrary, it feels like a natural part of conversation.

It turns out that this isn’t typical for everyone. I can tell because of the way people’s faces contort when I casually start talking about death and dying. It kind of freaks them out. And if adults are so freaked out or uncomfortable talking about death, it stands to reason kids would be as well.

But the thing is, kids are remarkably unphased by death. There are a few reasons for that. First, most of early childhood is a time of pure self-centeredness; kids can only understand the world and its events by how they are directly affected. (I don’t mean this derisively; it’s an appropriate developmental step). Second, and I would argue most importantly, kids take their cues from the other people around them. They don’t always listen to our words (as any parent can attest) but they do often mimic what they see us do. How we model big emotions—and grief is a big one—means more than the words we use to describe it.

We do also need words, of course. There’s a tendency to talk around the mystery of death, to use flowery metaphors instead of using the real words: dying, death, dead. Euphemisms may feel safer but they can be confusing and misleading. Shrouding death in secrecy like this isn’t fair to kids. We don’t have to tell them everything but we have to tell them something. We have to use the words: this person that we love, their body died. And listen, there will be follow up questions; namely “why?” (The whys are endless). And also, how? And—this one can be really tough—what happens when we die?

I know that all sounds intense. There’s a fear that of scaring kids or making them sad. But death is generally sad! Part of our job is to show kids how to handle big feelings. Basically, kids need to see that it is ok to discuss death and it is ok to grieve. I give you permission to cry in front of your kids; to say “I miss our person;” to explain that bodies die and to offer them a space to ask questions about that.

Talking to kids about big stuff—and death is one of the biggest—can be daunting. But I assure you, you won’t scar them for life by being honest and clear. You don’t have to make your home a house of death (not everyone is as cool as my family or origin). Start with the basics, don’t over explain, and most of all, let there be space to have big, tough feelings. For yourself, too.

Why a home visit?

Mental health care looks a lot different these days then it did decades ago (though some things are frustratingly the same but that’s a post for a different day). For people my age and younger, it’s pretty acceptable to see a therapist, online or in real life. In fact, over the past two years, more people than ever have sought out mental healthcare. Not only that, they’re vocal about it. Which is wonderful! Mental wellness should be for everyone; there's no shame in caring for yourself that way.

But for the majority of my clients, who are from an older generation, therapy is still something to be whispered about, not shouted. Many of my clients have never spoken to a therapist before. As a result, they’re a little overwhelmed by sitting down with a stranger to spill their deep, dark secrets.

This is where the home visit really shines.

There is a natural power imbalance between a therapist and a client, no matter how we both may want to pretend we’re on equal ground. The client is in a vulnerable position, about to answer some really personal and difficult questions; the therapist holds a lot of power in that situation. But when I enter your home, I am first and foremost your guest. This evens the playing field immensely. In your private, comfortable space, I am a visitor and you get to make the rules.

For many of my clients, meeting at home helps them open up faster. There are literal objects to point at when they begin to feel stuck, for instance: a wedding photo or a trinket from a long ago vacation. There is the comfort of being in your own safe space as we begin the hard work of feeling better.

So while it may seem strange to some that I don’t have a physical office, others are relieved to hear that they don’t have to go anywhere; I’ll come to you in the place you feel most comfortable. The only expectation is that I’ll show up, we’ll sit down, and you get to talk. How easy is that?

The Fragility of Hope

Sometimes my clients tell me, explicitly or implicitly, that they don't believe they will ever feel better. They are almost entirely without hope. They cannot imagine that their current circumstances will ever change. As their therapist, I want to validate that feeling because it is a real fear. But I also want to help them envision a future without the pain they’re currently experiencing. This doesn’t mean meeting them with platitudes or promises; it means meeting them in their despair and offering them a little light. When they can’t see the possibility of something better, I tell them that I can. Sometimes, I hold the hope for them until they can hold it themselves.

One wonderful perk of seeing a therapist is that the relationship between you is part of the work. You may not believe in your ability to change, but your therapist does. The moment you show up to therapy, you have taken a step towards feeling better, even if better looks or feels really far away.

This is not to say getting there is an easy or pleasant process; it’s often really difficult. But that’s the other great news about therapy! You have to do the work, sure, but not alone: your therapist can help you share the burden. And if you feel stuck in your suffering, your therapist can hold the hope that things will change; that you can change.

If you are struggling or despairing or feeling lost, please know that you are truly not alone. Someone is out there, waiting to hold on to hope for you until it is in your reach again. Just step forward and ask.

"I shouldn't complain; it could always be worse"

There are many phrases I would like to strike from the English language but these two, which are often coupled together, are currently at the top of my list: “I shouldn’t complain; it could always be worse.”

Now listen: I’m not here to deprive you of a helpful coping mechanism. If taking perspective works for you in times of crisis, have at it! But let me challenge you a little by asking you if it really does help.

Sometimes clients say this (or some version of it) because they are tired of having difficult feelings. Their problems begin to feel endless and frustrating; they are stuck. They aren’t looking for perspective so much as minimizing their own experience out of guilt and frustration. Specifically, in a time like this, when the world is full of worst case scenario stories, people are more likely to feel bad about “complaining.” When the news is full of the horrors of war, there is a tendency to minimize our own tough stuff. After all, if you’re safe in your home, with your relative comforts, it’s easy to feel guilty for feeling bad about anything. Of course things could be worse.

But they could also be better. Others’ suffering does not alleviate our own. There is no comparison chart that shows us when we are allowed to complain. Certainly you can count your blessings; in fact, there’s a significant body of research that posits that beginning the day with a gratitude exercise improves your mood. That’s great news! But still, even if you practice gratitude, you are allowed your own moments of sadness; of disappointment; of regret and complaints. You are allowed to experience your feelings without qualifying them with “it could be worse.” You can acknowledge the suffering of the wider world while also making space for your own little corner of grief. I’ll sit there with you until it gets better.

Carrying the weight of grief

Grief brings its own kind of exhaustion. Clients often tell me that they think they’re getting enough sleep—they’re going to bed at a reasonable hour and sleeping through until the morning, minus the usual up-to-pee-at-3-in-the-morning—and yet they still feel tired all the time. Why is that, they want to know? Often it’s the weight of their grief, holding them down even as they try to move through the day.

I’m no somatic therapy expert but it’s widely accepted that our feelings show up in our bodies. It’s no coincidence that we describe being “gutted” or “broken-hearted” when something upsetting happens; we often feel emotional pain in a physical way. We cannot disconnect our minds and our bodies, no matter how we sometimes try.

Just like any other heartbreak, grief can show up physically: as exhaustion for instance, or a general achiness throughout the body. Sometimes you may cry so hard you become short of breath for a minute. We cannot ignore the physical pain and weight that grief exerts on us. So if you feel tired, headachy, occasionally short of breath, certainly check in with your primary doctor first. But after you get the all-clear, spend some time considering: is carrying the weight of your grief hurting you?

This is not to say you’re doing grief wrong. All the ways you grief manifests are normal, if awful. Rather, I hope you take away that if you are suffering, you are not alone. No one can take your pain away from you but others are willing to help you carry it. There is no burden you have to shoulder alone, even (especially) your grief. This is your invitation to reach out—to a friend, a lover, a stranger, a therapist—and let someone else share the weight with you.

Now what? moving on when things change

Most often, I’ve written about grief as it relates to the death of a loved one. But grief isn’t only related to death and dying. In fact, it’s one of the most pervasive and universal experiences we share as human beings. It’s a part of the life cycle: relationships and jobs and the stages of childhood all come to an end. Life is full of changes that feel like losses and those losses have to be grieved.

As I’ve said before, I’m a real hit at cocktail parties when I tell people that I specialize in grief and loss. For most people, my work sounds deeply sad. And it can be! As I’m fond of saying, hard feelings are hard. But looked at another way—I live to reframe things, it’s the only part of CBT that I’m truly confident in—it’s a gift to honor our grief when something ends. We can experience our grief without wallowing; we can honor endings without big rituals. We can choose to acknowledge that endings are hard without staying stuck in the hard part.

So how do we do that? There are tons of sort of pop psychology buzz words people throw around, memes on social media meant to inspire, about “closure” and “closing the chapter” and “rising from the ashes.” Those are all lovely sentiments and I don’t disagree with them. But I think we lose the nuance of the grieving process when we put it into that kind of phraseology. Closure, for instance, isn’t a thing. Our lives are not actually laid out in neat chapters that resolve after X number of pages. We never leave behind the people we were, even if we make dramatic changes or dramatic changes happen to us. Instead, we add layers and learn lessons and yes, move forward. In short, like any kind of grief, the only way out is through.

Caregiver burnout is real. And it sucks.

Caregiving is a gift. The ability to take care of someone you love, at home, with relative comfort and routine, can be a beautiful and rewarding experience. It can also be a living nightmare. Most of the time it’s both, by turns.

Caregiver burnout doesn’t just appear one day, though it can feel like that: one day you’re fine and the next day you’re not. In truth, it’s not that dramatic; instead, it creeps in over time, slowly and steadily, until one day you find yourself overwhelmed, exhausted, frayed. It can be easy to miss or ignore the signs of burnout at first because caregiving is a full-time job. Additionally, you might also have a regular job and a family and friends and you know, a life. Or you did, before you became a caregiver. Slowly those other parts of you become buried underneath the weight of being someone’s sole care provider. It’s no surprise then that one day burnout hits you like a ton of bricks, in the form of exhaustion, irritability, anxiety, guilt, a miasma of shitty feelings.

You aren’t alone and it’s not unfixable. There are, in fact, both big and small steps to take when you discover that you’re burnt out. Before we explore those though, I would be remiss if I didn’t note that there are big systemic problems here that can make accessing those solutions tricky. For instance, one solution is to hire private help. However, for many people, hiring someone to help out is simply not a choice. There are programs through the county and state that will subsidize the cost but they’re means-tested, which means you have to come in under a certain income and asset level to access those programs. The result is, a lot of people fall into the middle ground of not rich enough for private care and not poor enough for state assistance.

That being said, there are still options. Maybe you can’t afford 24 hour care but you can swing a few hours here and there so you can take a break (an old client once called this Granny sitting, a phrase I find delightful). Maybe you can call on some nearly grown grandkids or other family members to take the occasional overnight or midday shift so you can rest. Maybe you’re resistant to that idea, and for good reason. But I would encourage you not to dismiss the idea of asking for others to step up out of hand. Sometimes someone becomes so stuck in their role as a caregiver, they don’t hear the other people in their lives who are offering to help. Or they decide not to ask for fear of hearing no. But if you don’t ask, you definitely do not receive.

Beyond that, there are other, smaller remedies. Who were you before this? What brought you joy? This is important because you cannot pour from an empty cup. In order to be someone’s caregiver, you have to be in good working order yourself. Meaning it isn’t selfish to take a shower or eat a hot meal or exercise. It’s actually a necessity that you do things for yourself so that you don’t become a shell of a person who resents what started as a gift: caring for someone you love.

There’s more to say here, namely about what happens when you’re caring for someone you don’t love or even like that much. But that’s another story for another day. Today, if you’re a caregiver, I want you to consider what things you do to keep yourself healthy and sane. If you can’t think of anything, it may be time to take a real break and take stock, and yes, consider therapy. Caregiving should be a gift, not a prison sentence.

What if I want to know about my therapist?

Once, during a job interview, the interviewer asked to describe my boundaries with clients. A pretty vague question, right? Like, it depends! But seeing as how I was in an interview for a job I wanted (and eventually got, thank you very much), I played along and responded: I answer the questions my clients ask me (within reason).

Because here is the thing: when you are sitting across from me in that first session, I want to know some pretty deep stuff right off the bat. For instance, do you drink alcohol? Use drugs? Are you religious? Have you ever tried to hurt yourself or someone else? Not exactly cocktail party conversation. So if a client has a question for me (like how old am I or how many kids do I have, etc.), I’m more than willing to answer.

Some things about me are already clear: I wear a wedding ring, for instance. I’m fairly young. I’m a woman. I’m white. For some therapists, this is about as much information as clients are allowed to know. There are different schools of thought and none of them are wrong; in some ways, it’s a personal preference. There are good reasons for a therapist to not spend a lot of time talking about herself. For one thing, that’s not why you’re paying me; we’re here to talk about you, my friend. For another, some clients use this tactic to deflect and avoid the stuff they need to talk about. But I think, especially in the rapport building phase of therapy, it’s normal for a client to wonder, who is this person I’m telling all my secrets to?

So ask away! If I don’t want to answer, I won’t. Part of this process is developing a relationship and setting boundaries within it. I’m happy to tell you that I have two kids and a little dog and a husband. I’m happy to tell you that I’m in therapy myself, and that it helps me be a better therapist for you. I’m happy too, to talk about why you want to know about me instead of telling me about you. Like I said last time, almost nothing is off limits. This is a road we walk together. So tell me, what do you want to know?

You can say (almost) anything to your therapist

This week, in my series about what to expect from therapy, I want to dive into what may be off limits to talk about with your therapist. The short answer is, pretty much nothing!

There are exceptions to this of course: if your therapist thinks you’re going to hurt yourself or someone else, or that you already have harmed someone, they’re obligated to do something with that information. But otherwise, you get to say whatever you want. You don’t have to be on your best behavior when you’re talking to your therapist. Therapy is a relationship but it’s not a friendship or a conversation at a cocktail party; you don’t have to come armed with your best stories or convince anyone of how delightful you are. In fact, once some trust is established, you can be on your worst behavior if you so choose. In therapy, you get to explore the darkest and meanest parts of yourself. It’s safe there.

Still, it feels risky to open up to someone, even a professional. On the one hand, you’re seeking out therapy because you need to talk to someone and presumably, you’re ready to do just that: talk. On the other hand, there may be a fear that you’ll say something so dark, your therapist just won’t like you anymore. Generally, we want people to like us; we’re only human. So it can be difficult to drop the social niceties we’re practiced at performing. For instance, hearing “how are you?” from your therapist is different than hearing the same question from a co-worker. And yet, for many of us, the automatic answer is the one that comes out: “Fine, thanks, how are you?”

This isn’t to say you can’t be nice to your therapist. Believe me, we’re happy to be asked how we are, even if we won’t tell you the actual answer. I’m only saying that in that therapy session, you are released from surface-level social stuff. You can talk about whatever you want.

Which brings me to another caveat: you can also NOT talk about whatever you want. You don’t have to recount every dark thought that has ever entered your mind. You don’t have to review every embarrassing moment or delve into something that feels too tricky to explore. In that session, you get to decide where to begin and where to stop. When your therapist asks how you’re doing, you can tell the truth. And if the conversation starts to go somewhere you aren’t ready to go, you can say no. You don’t have to worry; you can say (almost) anything to your therapist.

When your body betrays you

Last week, I wrote about grief. I was mostly referring to the grief we experience when someone we love dies. But there are losses throughout our life cycle that don’t necessarily have to do with death.

For the majority of my career, I’ve worked with people experiencing life-changing and often chronic illness. The prognosis doesn’t have to be terminal for the symptoms of being ill—of having a body that doesn’t do what it used to do—to be devastating and isolating. Your friends and family can’t understand what you are experiencing. It’s difficult to explain pain or fatigue or some other unquantifiable symptom to someone whose body is not sick. In a misguided attempt to help, these family members and friends may tell you that your situation isn’t as bad as it could be; that you just have to push yourself harder; that you need a second, third, fourth opinion.

Their hearts are in the right place. They’re hoping that the power of positive thinking will do the trick and cure you. But not everyone is helped by the relentless positive thinking memes that social media throws at us: believe you’ll get better and you will! Trust your body! Mind over matter! Et ceterra, et ceterra, until you start to doubt your own feelings. Among these feelings, of course, is the grief of what you have lost.

Because although you are still here, your body has betrayed you. Illness takes from us. Maybe you aren’t able to exercise anymore, or even get on the floor with your kids or grandkids. Maybe you can’t drive anymore. Or your brain fog is making it hard to concentrate at work or school or in social situations. Those are big losses to bear by yourself.

Therapy is not going to cure your illness. Further, your therapist will not be able to tell you how long you’ll be sick or if any of what you’ve lost will be returned to you. Your therapist can’t tell you that everything is going to be ok. What therapy can do is meet you where you are. You can grieve. Then you can start to rethink and rebuild your life. Then grieve some more and then rebuild some more… You can be hopeless and hopeful both at once. And you do not have to walk this path alone.

Stuck in grief

Grief never ends.

I don’t mean that grieving is a hopeless, forever state of being, though it can certainly feel that way. I only mean that there is no magic solution to fix it. There is no timeline to follow; there is no guidebook. You can experience your grief in any way that feels natural to you. The only caveat is, you cannot fast forward or go under or over or around it. You have to experience the hard feelings of grief and loss.

Hard feelings are… hard! And so many people enter therapy hoping for answers, to solve the issue they are presenting: I have a feeling, it is hard to have it, please can we make it go away? But grief doesn’t go away. It continues even when we think we have “solved” it. The task is to learn how to live with it instead of trying to outrun it.

And you can live with it, even when it feels suffocating. Over time, grief softens. It feels less like a dark hole you can’t climb out of and more like a shadow: always with you but less obtrusively. You can be released from the idea that you have to solve your grief, or outgrow it, or close the door on it. You don’t have to do that to be helped.

Then what can help? Most importantly is to acknowledge our losses: ritualize and memorialize and speak the names of the people we have lost aloud. And then, in our acknowledgement, we can also reach out to others. We can ask for help—from our friends, our family, our religious faith. We can go to therapy and allow someone else to carry the burden of grief for just a little while. We do not have to experience any of our feelings alone, even if they feel isolating. Grief is a universal experience. It never ends and it can’t be solved. But it can be shared. And sometimes, just sharing our burdens can go a great way towards relief.

Where do we start?

How does therapy… start?

Some people come to therapy fully ready to spill: they’re like a pot of water ready to boil over. Those first two or three sessions are just full of words and feelings and sometimes tears. That’s been my personal therapy experience and it’s one I really understand: talk until you can’t talk anymore and then we can figure out where to go next.

But not everyone is like me (thank God). Some people enter therapy reluctantly or cautiously; they are not in fact ready to spill their guts to a stranger. It’s not that they don’t know why they came, it’s more that they don’t know how or where to begin. Or they start and then get stuck. Or—and this one is the toughest for me as a clinician—they want an immediate answer.

There’s good news and there’s bad news, here. The bad news is, I do not possess a magic wand. I can’t make sisters or lovers or children behave better; I can’t bring back a loved one from the dead; I can’t give you a secret code that will make your anxiety disappear into thin air. But—and here’s the good news I promised!—there are going to be answers. We can find them together, by sifting through the past and the present. We can find a way to set boundaries with the misbehaving family members; memorialize the dead loved one; understand and quell the anxious thoughts that plague you. In short, we can start wherever you are that particular day, that particular moment, and see where we end up. We just have to start.

In defense of the six minute visit

This is in defense of the six minute visit.

There is a kind of cold call aspect to my job that has taken years for me to accept with grace and poise. When I explain to patients and families that I’m calling to offer emotional support, some people are immediately hesitant. I’m sure this is partly because of the way we view mental health in this country but that’s not the point of this particular post; suffice it to say, people are on guard when I explain why a hospice social worker is offering them a visit. The nurse, the home health aide, even the chaplain: their roles are very clear to patients and their families. But when I say that I just want to talk, that makes some people feel weird.

So over the years, I’ve become practiced in how to get people to talk to me, a stranger. (And, since the pandemic, a stranger wearing a mask, which really hinders the non-verbal cues. But again, I digress).  When I see a new patient, which I do once or twice a week, I have a kind of game plan: I start with an informal list of questions that I offer to my patients and their families. They range from the mundane (where are you from originally?) to the thorny (what are you afraid of?). Sometimes those questions lead to a lovely, rapport building visit and I feel I’ve done something useful. Other times though, I’m not welcomed to stay. I don’t mean I’m unceremoniously kicked out; it’s more that it becomes clear to me that the patient or the family do not want to talk to me. I am, after all, a stranger, if a well-meaning one.

At a recent visit, this exact thing happened: there were introductions, I explained the purpose of my visit, and the patient’s adult children very kindly thanked me for coming and then said they were fine and I should feel free to hit the road. So, after only six minutes of standing in the living room, I left. The patient was hours from death; the family was all present and all on board with hospice philosophy. They had funeral plans, they were following the medication regiment, they were making jokes about death (a very solid coping mechanism). They really and truly did not need social work intervention.

And yet! My critical inner monologue kicked in as soon as I began the walk back to my car: six minutes! That wasn’t long enough! I did something wrong. Maybe a better social worker would have pressed. Perhaps a better social worker would have explained in greater detail what the visit was for. Was I distracted? Burnt out? Having an off day? I could have asked to stay, I could have insisted on seeing the patient with my own eyes, I could have… completely alienated a lovely family who made their needs known to me the moment I walked in the door.

Because that is the thing about this job: you have to have an innate ability to both read the room and find the places to push. Sometimes there are no places to push. There are no weak spots or cracked open doors to lean against. Sometimes I have to trust my instincts that I am an unwanted guest and get out before I start to cause harm. That family did not need me. Six minutes was plenty of time for them; why shouldn’t it be plenty of time for me too?

May her memory be a blessing

There have been a lot of deaths recently. Maybe that sounds strange. Of course I’ve had a lot of patients die; I work in hospice, after all. But, as any medical type person can tell you, sometimes deaths come in clumps. When there are so many so close together it feels like whiplash. Because in the meantime, as patients are dying, I’m getting new referrals every day. I feel like some kind of hospice robot: “Hi, I’m Elizabeth, I’m a social worker from hospice, I’m just calling to introduce myself…” The weight of all this loss does pull me down sometimes but more so, I’m afraid I will lose some sense of importance in my work. That I will become numb to the endless death as a way of protecting myself but as a result, I will also lose some empathy.

But yesterday I lost one of my favorite patients. At the beginning of my practice, I would have been too afraid to name her that way; I thought you couldn’t have favorites. But my very wise hospice preceptor told me at the beginning of my hospice career that “one out of every hundred can really get to you; more than that, you’ve got a problem. But you’re allowed one in a hundred.” I keep those words close to my heart for days like this. The patient I lost over the weekend was one of those hundred, the first one in a long time, in fact. Her death really hit me.

That’s hard to say, honestly. It’s hard to explicitly acknowledge my grief when I lose a particularly dear patient. I suppose it’s because I’m afraid that I’m too close or burnt out or not doing it right. It doesn’t happen with every patient, of course; that would lead to burnout. But when it does happen, when I lose a patient I particularly liked or even loved, what should I do? How can I memorialize a loss that isn’t really mine? The waves of death have numbed me a little of the years but then this lovely lady died and it knocked me over a little. It reminded that I’m not actually a robot. I am, it turns out, just a person—a person who sometimes misses patients who have died. I know they are remembered by the people who loved them but I want to remember them too. I want to acknowledge the loss of someone special to me, even if it isn’t really my loss to bear. It is allowed. It is part of what makes this work so sacred and beautiful.

So here’s to her—and to the few before her, those other “ones in hundreds” that float up in my memory today; may their memory be a blessing.